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Knots and Bolts

Red Fox Kits Changing Color

Red fox kits are born with charcoal gray fur. (Coyote, wolf, and other wild canid pups are also born with this color coat.) At about five weeks of age, kits lose their dark natal coat and grow…


Tending the Future at Three Oaks Tree Farm

Jack Bronnenberg didn’t set out to be a woodlot owner – or to run a logging and trucking company. His dream as a young man was to raise beef cattle in southeastern Kansas or…

Cliff Closures Contribute to Successful Nesting

In early spring, as rock climbers flock to sunny cliffs and crags throughout the Northeast, peregrine falcons are also returning, seeking mates and establishing nesting sites. Populations of…

A Coral-root for Every Season

Deer browse is a major factor contributing to the decline of many native orchids. The showy and charismatic species are most severely affected, drawing not only our gazes but also the…

Hemlock, Norway Spruce, and Pragmatism

In a forest landscape where some native trees are succumbing to invasive plants and pests, could a non-native species provide an ecological benefit? That’s a question Calvin Ritter…

The Ups and Downs of Browntail Moths

A non-native invasive moth has been lurking in the Northeast for more than 120 years and has recently become a pest again – of trees and people – in parts of Maine. Browntail moth…

Scouting for Summer: Evergreen Wetland Herbs

What is a native plant enthusiast to do during our region’s long dormant season? While half of the year delights us with new growth and flowers, the other half can test our patience as…

Multi-use Management at Myrrh Meadow Farm

In November 2000, Tina Barney and Sara White purchased a 169-acre parcel on the south side of Clay Hill Road in Hartland, Vermont. The recently partnered couple had been searching for land…

White-tailed Bucks Shedding Antlers

White-tailed deer typically shed their antlers in December or January. After autumn’s breeding season, hormonal changes cause a weakened connection between the antler and the pedicle,…

A Bird’s-Eye View of Forest Health

Assessing forest health can be challenging for state and federal agencies, which often rely on limited staff to survey vast forest acreage. One of the most efficient ways to monitor large…

A New Threat to Northeastern Oaks

Oak wilt has killed millions of trees in 24 states throughout the Midwest and south to Texas and is – slowly, for now – spreading into the Northeast. Scientists first described…

Predator and Prey

Ambush bugs have sufficient cold tolerance to remain active late into the season, until hard frosts occur. As their name suggests, these insects sit motionless on plants, waiting for prey such…

Heartleaf: The Other Paper Birch

White-barked birches never fail to captivate our attention. We are acquainted with innumerable images of a blindingly white birch among some stark winter scene or a stand of snow-white trunks…

Seeking Heartleaf Birch

As Peter Grima notes in his profile of heartleaf birch in Northern Woodlands Autumn 2024 edition, one of the easiest ways to distinguish this species from paper birch and gray birch is by…

Three-Birds Orchid

August ushers in the season of satiety, an interval of repose. Botanically speaking, it is what I refer to as the “Lammas-time lull,” a dip in the calendar of bloom when the plant…

Juvenile Gray Treefrogs on Land

If there is an amphibian that is a master of disguise, it has to be the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor). The adults of this species are capable of changing color (gray, green, or brown) to…

Electrofishing Supports Fisheries Research and Management

A couple of years ago, I joined colleagues from University of Rhode Island and the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management for a day of fieldwork studying brook trout (Salvelinus…

Native vs. Introduced Phragmites ID Checklist

The Summer 2024 issue of Northern Woodlands includes an article by Michael Freeman, describing efforts to reduce the impacts of invasive phragmites (also called common reed), an especially…

The Story of Stone Fence Farm

In 2004, foresters Laura French and Jeremy Turner connected at a Forest Stewards Guild meeting in Orono, Maine. Turner asked French if she’d like to join him on a hike in the woods.…

Stewardship on Stone Fence Farm

The Summer 2024 issue of Northern Woodlands includes an article by Rebecca Perkins Hanissian describing efforts by Laura French and Jeremy Turner to enhance their 240 acres of forestland and…