Answer
These are the nests of solitary bees, most likely cellophane bees. Solitary bees build these nests as nurseries for their larvae. As noted in Charley Eiseman’s excellent book, Tracks & Sign of Insects and Other Invertebrates, “The main shaft has several side branches that lead to oval brood cells, which are provisioned with balls of pollen and nectar.”
This week’s contest winner was Hugh Markey