Answer
These aren’t actual cones, but willow pine cone galls, created by midges (Rabdophaga strobiloides). In summer, female midges deposit their eggs at the tips of willow stems. Over time, as the larvae feed, they secrete chemicals that disrupt the normal growth of the stems and prompt the stems to produce cone-like structures. During the winter, the hard-bodied galls provide the developing midges insulation and protection from predators.
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