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A Raccoon and a Porcupine Walk into a Crevice…

Crevice 1
Within a half hour period, two raccoons leave, and one porcupine enters, the same rock crevice.

In winter, raccoons will sometimes take on roommates. Shared space means shared body heat, and avoiding conflict over desirable real estate. Porcupines may also spend time together in winter dens, although perhaps less graciously; Uldis Roze, in his excellent book, The North American Porcupine, reported that only 12 percent of his study animals shared space, and then only on a temporary basis, with clear signs of irritation such as squawking and showy urine trails.

Which is why I was surprised to find recent evidence from a game camera of two porcupines and two raccoons, repeatedly loitering around the same rock crevice entrance. There are plenty of potential den sites in the area, and as far as I can determine, not many porcupines. There has been squawking, both from within the rocks and at least one time recently, from a nearby tree, but that’s been continuing, off and on, for months. I’d assumed it was commentary about annoying, camera-checking humans.

Roze recorded many instances of raccoons and porcupines perched near each other in apple trees, “without a sign of discord.” His observations jibe with that of a friend, who told me that she recently watched a raccoon walk within a few feet of a porcupine, which was busy gnawing on her porch. The animals ignored each other.

But raccoons and porcupines – and porcupines and porcupines – shacking up together? Maybe they’re not true roommates, just accessing a shared entrance to a complex of spaces beneath the rocks? Or is this a sign from the heavens: the dawning of a new and kinder age? I’m curious to hear of readers’ observations of communal denning, and raccoon/porcupine interactions.

Discussion *

Nov 25, 2019

Hopeful that at least some species are co-existing in a semblance of peace.
We had a mother porcupine and her young `un feasting under our apple trees from late summer through harvest and they were nonplussed whenever I had to pass nearby during chores.
But no evidence of co-housing in our woodland.

Douglas Shane
Nov 24, 2019

Interesting article!  Thank you.

I don’t have any first hand stories, but know my cat is not concerned with porcupines.  We don’t have raccoons.  (He is curious about deer, loves small rodents, ignores skunks, hates turkeys, and is deathly afraid of coyotes.  I haven’t experienced his reaction to the weasel family, though they are here and guess he is pretty afraid of them.)

Back to the article, I wonder if another animal isn’t a threat (food source or safety wise), it’s mostly a “live and let live” world out there.  They are not going to burn extra calories avoiding each other. 

The single entrance to multiple dens theory makes sense.  As well as more warmth and/or safety in numbers possibilities. 

One idea I like is humans are not the only species to enjoy interacting with other species.  There are enough YouTube videos to prove that - though it’s often a baby of one of the species.  But how many different types of animals does that inter-species interest include?  Porcupines and raccoons?

One thing I find interesting is I’ve always considered raccoons to live more around people and porcupines deeper in the woods. 

We really know so little about nature.  Not only what we know we don’t know.  But ideas we don’t even know enough to consider.

Cindy
Nov 23, 2019

I have seen similar behavior on my game camera. I’ve posted a video here from YouTube showing interactions with raccoons. All the visits that the raccoons make are very short and I’ve never seen them stay more than a few minutes. The porcupine seems distressed when it returns and finds that the raccoons have been there. I’ve been in contact with Dr Roze in regards to scenting behavior at this particular densite. The porcupine would scent mark regularly when leaving the den and occasionally when returning.

I will be placing a couple of cameras out this winter on a different den to see how often they mark along the trails to their feeding sites. I will share this to the Trail camera photo video Facebook page to see if others have some more insight into this topic.

Alan Audet
Nov 23, 2019

So interesting, Elise! If you haven’t already, it might be a good idea to set the camera to record video so you can see what they are doing. Are both repeatedly going in and out of the entry hole? At this time of year, some animals are just searching for good winter shelters, so the fact that they were both seen near the entry hole doesn’t necessarily mean they both live there. They may be competing for the same spot, not sharing it. Also, individuals don’t necessarily use the same den every day. Could be a porcupine tonight and a raccoon tomorrow. And, as you suggest, the entry hole may lead to different chambers. Finally, animals are curious about the dens of other animals, both those of the same and those of other species. They stop to sniff and sometimes urinate or defecate near the entrance. With still photos you really can’t tell what is going on there. I haven’t seen porcupines and raccoons sharing entry holes, but in the western US I have seen multiple species visiting old badger dens: some apparently to use it, and others just to take a whiff probably to see who lives there. Usually use is sequential, not simultaneous. The one pair of species I have seen repeatedly using the same den entries during the same time period are kangaroo rats and antelope squirrels. Presumably they are using different tunnels that branch off of the entry tunnel. Nonetheless it’s very interesting because they compete for some of the same foods but the rat is nocturnal and the squirrel is diurnal, so it is as if there’s a day shift and a night shift for the same niche. Here is a blog post with a video montage of animals visiting 4 different badger dens. I have a lot more material of animals using the same burrows that I haven’t gotten around to posting yet. https://winterberrywildlife.ouroneacrefarm.com/2019/07/28/life-at-four-badger-burrows/

Janet Pesaturo
Nov 22, 2019

Hi Elise,

I have spent quite a bit of time with porcupines in their winter lodgings and can share a couple of observations. In talus areas where there appear to be many potential dens, porcupines use those sites that have been used historically by other porcupines. These are the ones that remain dry and cozy. Maybe raccoons have learned that porcupines know the good spots, and vice versa.

Like Uldis, I have found porcupines denning solo most often, but have also observed porcupines developing friendships and choosing to den together when other dens are available nearby, Burdock and Dangerous Dan most notably. Burdock was a juvenile male and Dangerous Dan was an unrelated adult female. They still complained about who got which corner (first come, first served), but chose to share the same cave and followed each other when out and about.

Patti Smith

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