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The Incredible Intricacy of Butterfly Eggs

American lady butterfly and eggs
Left: Brent Haglund discovered this egg after watching an American lady butterfly and spotting the species’ host plant, pearly everlasting, nearby. Right: American lady adult. Photos by Brent Haglund.

Brent Haglund came to macrophotography almost by accident. When he purchased his first digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, it was to capture images of his newborn son. Spending time on the floor snapping baby photographs made Haglund, a graphic designer who lives in Pembroke, New Hampshire, wonder what else he might discover from this new ground-level perspective.

“I explored our backyard and was blown away by the detail I was seeing in flowers, bees, beetles, and spiders,” he said. “I invested in a macro lens and was further blown away by yet another layer of detail. Beetles were revealed to be much more intricate and charismatic when magnified, and I could now see that butterfly wings were made of countless little scales.”

He endeavored to learn more about butterflies through field guides, online forums, and in-person butterfly walks with experts.

“Butterflies appealed to me early on in my photographic pursuits due to how showy they are and the fact that they are active during the day. Their entire life cycle is easily observed, sometimes all on the same plant,” Haglund said. “After looking for adult butterflies for a few years, I stumbled on eggs and could not believe how ornate some of them were. Eventually I began searching for eggs, armed with a few clues I gleaned from field guides and websites. The thrill of the hunt was all-consuming, leading me to spend hours on a hiking trail, inching my way along the path as I inspected every plant, turning over as many leaves as I could to see if any eggs were clinging to the surfaces.”

Finding the eggs was one thing; photographing them was another. Because it’s nearly impossible to get a high-quality macro shot of a tiny butterfly egg in their natural habitat – most species’ eggs are 1 millimeter in diameter or smaller, about the size of a pinhead – Haglund carefully snips off the leaf containing an egg he wants to photograph. (He returns the eggs to the plant later.) In his garage, he has set up a macrophotography studio, complete with a motorized focus rail mounted on a tripod, a 10-times microscope objective lens, and LED lights. For each final image, he takes several shots – the “sweet spot” is around 70 – and uses a software program (Zerene Stacker) to “stack” them, sorting and aligning each individual frame into a single composition. The results reveal the intricate colors, shapes, and designs of each tiny egg.

“This Endeavor reignited the wonder of discovery that often dulls as we get older. A new world has opened up to me, not just because of butterflies, but also all of the tiny overlooked things that have now become a big deal to me through my macro lens,” Haglund said. “Nowadays, I have a sense of pride when I stroll down a hiking trail and can recognize the ecology at play, and even predict which butterflies might inhabit the area. This, coupled with the ability to identify their host plants, recognize their caterpillars, and discover their eggs – maybe even a chrysalis – gives a full-circle appreciation of this creature’s life history.”

Viceroy butterfly and eggs
Left: Among Haglund’s favorite butterfly eggs are those of the viceroy. “It has hexagonal pits all over its exterior, with projecting spikes dotting each intersection,” he said. “Due to the multitude of reflective surfaces, it poses a challenge in lighting and photographing it.” Despite the photographic challenges, Haglund said these eggs are among the easiest to find, laid upon the upper surface and at the tip of willow leaves. “It’s almost like a gift to butterfly egg hunters,” he said. Right: viceroy adult.
Red admiral butterfly and eggs
Top: This side view of a red admiral butterfly egg shows the spiky bristles of the host plant, stinging nettle. Butterflies with smooth-leaved host plants “glue” their eggs to the leaves, Haglund said. Bottom: Haglund photographed this red admiral butterfly egg from above to show the pattern of concentric circles; at the center is the micropyle, the opening where sperm enters to fertilize the egg. Bottom left: red admiral adult.
Duskywing butterfly and eggs
Haglund followed a Juvenal’s duskywing butterfly to an oak sapling, where he discovered the glimmering, ridged eggs on the leaf tips. Top: duskywing adult.
Sootywing butterfly and eggs
“The common sootywing egg is a standout in my book,” Haglund said. “It looks nothing like other butterfly eggs. It has an unusual turban shape, is bright pink, and sports both vertical and horizontal ridges.” As with most of the butterfly eggs he discovers, Haglund found this one, in July, by looking on its host plant, lambsquarters, a common roadside weed. In this case, the eggs are much more colorful than the butterflies. Top: sootywing adult.
Monarch butterflies and eggs
Spotted in August, this monarch butterfly egg, Haglund noted, will hatch into a caterpillar that will eventually pupate and become part of the generation of butterflies that migrates all the way to Mexico. Right: monarch adult.
Skipper butterfly and eggs
Discovered in June on showy tick-trefoil, this silver-spotted skipper egg (left) shows two colors: the black is the caterpillar’s head, and the yellow is its body. Soon after Haglund photographed the egg with the tiny caterpillar inside, it hatched (right). Top: silver-spotted skipper adult.
Cabbage white buttefly and eggs
Haglund found this cabbage white butterfly egg, with its oblong shape and grid pattern, in a large patch of wild mustard in his neighborhood. Bottom: cabbage white adult.

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