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Poplar and Grouse

Ruffed Grouse
Image by Mary Holland

Poplar (also called aspen) buds are an important winter food source for many species of wildlife, but particularly for the ruffed grouse. During the course of a year, a ruffed grouse may feed from as many as 100 species of plants, but in the winter, poplar is its most significant food source. In fact, the relationship between grouse and poplars is such that the range of the ruffed grouse is practically identical to the range of trembling (also known as quaking) aspen (Populus tremuloides) and big-tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata).

Poplars are dioecious – the male and female flowers grow on separate trees. Although grouse will settle for any poplar bud, it is the male flower buds of trembling aspen trees that they prefer, due to the buds’ high amounts of proteins, fats, and minerals. (Female buds are smaller and have less nutrients.) Ruffed grouse seldom feed on a poplar tree that is less than 30 years old; perhaps the older trees that they prefer have more vigorous buds, or perhaps their branches are easier to perch on because they are larger. A great resource with which to learn much more is Ruffed Grouse: Woodland Drummer by Michael Furtman.

Aspen
Image by 123RF

Discussion *

Dec 17, 2020

Thank you Mary for this article. Tonight I saw three grouse up high in poplar trees eating. It was a gift to see. I watched them for a while until I think a fourth grouse saw me and made a warning call so I left before I caused further disturbance.

Zoë
Apr 17, 2020

Great photo portrait!  In winter we sometimes see a grouse way up in the treetops. I thought it was eating black cherry buds, but just discovered there is a poplar there too.  It’s always a surprise to see such a plump bird so far from the ground.

Chris S.
Jan 31, 2020

Also known in this neck of the woods as “Pahtridge”

William Roberts

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